Pavlov A.V. Cytological analysis of a population of thyroid parafollicular cells// Tsitologiia.- 1985 Nov;27(11):1300-3. (in Russian)
       With the aid of Sevier-Munger silver stain, parafollicular thyrocytes (C-cells) of rat males were investigated within the period of 10 minutes to 8 hours after the intraperitoneal injection of calcium gluconate solution. In the thyroid glands of both control and experimental animals four types of C-cells at different stages of their secretory cycle were described. Relative rates of these cellular types were found to be objective quantitative criteria of the functional activity of parafollicular cell population.

Pavlov A.V., Antipanova E.M. Biosynthetic activity of parathyroid cells during different function of the parathyroid glands// Biull. Eksp. Biol. Med.- 1989 Jan;107(1):98-9. (in Russian)
        By means of autoradiograph c and morphometric methods parathyroid glands of 31 rats after single injection of 3H-leucin (2,5 mc Cu/g of body mass 25 min. before killing) were investigated. Parathyroid glands were inhibited by multiple injections of calcium gluconate solution or by a diet with increased content of calcium and vitamin D2. Parathyroids were stimulated by multiple injections of Trilon B solution, by a diet with increased content of phosphates or by subtotal parathyroid resection. Straight correlation between parathyroid function, average section area of parathyrocytes and average number of silver granules per one parathyrocyte was revealed. Hence, average section area of parathyrocytes is objective morphometric criterion of parathyroid function.

Pavlov A.V. Cytological mechanisms of the growth and regeneration of the parathyroid glands// Ontogenez.-1988 Jul-Aug;19(4):394-9. (in Russian)
        Contribution of proliferation and hypertrophy of the epitheliocytes to the growth and regeneration of the rat parathyroid glands was estimated using organo- and cytometry, cytophotometry of DNA content in the nuclei and determination of mitotic index. During postnatal development and in the case of hypertrophy of the adult glands following a moderate resection (50%), the gland growth is provided by mitotic divisions of the parathyroid cells, rather than by the increase in cell size. When up to 75 and 90% of the gland volume is removed, cell hyperplasia is accompanied by stable hypertrophy of the parathyroid cells unrelated to their polyploidization. The contribution of nonmitotic cell hypertrophy to the total increment of the organ volume amounts to 40-50%.

Pavlov A.V. The mitotic activity of the follicular and parafollicular (C) cells in the thyroid of rats with hypercalcemia// Morfologiia.- 1992 Jun;102(6):99-105. (in Russian)
        Slices of the thyroid gland were impregnated with silver nitrate and stained with hematoxylin. Separate calculation of the index of calchicin mitosis of the follicular and parafollicular (C-) cells was made. The material of 37 mature albino rats was analyzed. Calcium- rich diet was given to 22 animals during 10 days. Different levels of hypercalcemia were achieved by different doses of vitamin D2 (from 1 to 10 thousand MU daily, 11 experimental groups). The mitotic index of C-cells was found to grow but under mild hypercalcemia (10% of the control level). Further elevation of the calcium concentration in blood was followed by a decrease of the amount of the dividing parafollicular cells down to control values. In rats fed by the diet optimal for the stimulation of C-cells division (11 rats, 2000 MU as a daily dosage of vitamin D2) within the interval from 1 to 10 days increased mitotic activity of the follicular cells was found from the 3rd day, while that of C-cells only as late as the 9th-10th day. In all the experimental rats the mitotic index of the follicular thyrocytes was 3.5-4 times as high as the mitotic index of C-cells. Relatively not high proliferative activity of parafollicular cells might be due to their pronounced polyfunctional character and their participation in complex paracrine interactions with other cell elements of the thyroid gland.

Pavlov A.V., Dobordzhginidze T.R., Miro T.L., Aleksandrov Iu.K. Thyroid regeneration in various localizations of resected fragments of the organ//Probl Endokrinol (Mosk).- 1993 Sep-Oct;39(5):49-51. (in Russian)
        Structure and function of the regenerating thyroid fragment were studied in 18 adult white rats 30 days after partial resection of centromedial or peripheral fragments of the lobes similar in size using quantitative methods (organometry, histometry, measurements of blood serum hormones). The volume of glandular tissue removed in two series of experiments was 40 and 75% of the total thyroid mass of experimental animals. Centromedial portions of the thyroid of intact rats were characterized by greater follicular epithelium volume (by 10%) and C-cell content per section area (six-fold), as well as by a lesser mean diameter of the follicles (by 26%) and colloid volumic fraction (by 40%) in comparison with the peripheral segments. No reliable differences in the quantitative structural parameters (mass, tissue component volumic fractions, mean follicular diameter and follicular epithelium height) and hormonal activity of the regenerated tissue in the two variants of surgery were observed. The results indicate that thyroid parenchyma of various portions of the organs is similarly capable of full-value regeneration.

Pavlov A.V., Kemoklidze K.G. Cytologic mechanisms of postnatal growth of adrenal chromaffin tissue//Ontogenez.- 1998 Mar-Apr;29(2):123-8. (in Russian)
        We have studied the contribution of proliferation and hypertrophy of glandular cells to the ontogenetic growth of adrenal chromaffin tissue using several methods (organometry, cytometry, cytophotometric quantitation of DNA in the nuclei, radioautographic analysis of 3H- thymidine incorporation, calculation of the mitotic index and proportion of binuclear cells, as well as stereological analysis). Mitotic division of diploid glandular cells is the main cellular mechanism of postnatal growth of chromaffinocytes. It is most prominent during the first 2 weeks of life and is maintained at a rather high level throughout the life of animals (the daily proliferative pool in 6-month-old and 30-month-old rats equals 0.3%). Development of cellular hypertrophy has been noted during the first 6 months after birth. The population of chromaffinocytes throughout life is practically diploid; the proportion of tetraploid (binuclear) cells does not exceed 1-1.5%. The growth of adrenal chromaffin tissue during the first month of life is generally supported by hyperplasia and hypertrophy of norepinephrocytes and later of epinephrocytes. The contribution of cell proliferation and hypertrophy to postnatal growth of each subpopulation appears to be equal

Gansburgskii A.N. State of the rabbit aorta after orthostatic tests// Kosm Biol Aviakosm Med.- 1990 Nov-Dec;24(6):34-6. (in Russian)
        Morphometric examinations of endothelium film preparations and histological investigations of aortic sections were performed 1 to 50 days after exposure of rabbits to orthostatic tests. Immediately and 1.5 months after exposure the intima showed a significant increase of endotheliocytes, vacuolization of the cytoplasm and nuclei, development of karyopyknosis and karyolysis as well as increase of monocytes and lymphocytes. Beginning with day 4 the inner surface of the intima displayed microthrombi and beginning with day 7 the media showed necrotic changes, which may cause wall deformation due to the destruction of the collagen and elastic layers. At the same time the endothelium exhibited adaptive-compensatory processes, which included increased mitotic activity of endotheliocytes and their intracellular regeneration. The identification of the coefficient of variation of centered ordinates helped to distinguish an early phase of orthostatic responses (days 1-2), phase of adaptive and compensatory changes (3-15), and phase of remote effects and stabilization of the aortic endothelium. These observations should be taken into consideration when determining optimal time periods of recovery after lesions caused by acute fluid shifts.

Gansburgskii A.N., Potapov P.P., Altukhova V.V., Degtiareva M.A. Aortic endothelium and serum lipoproteins in rats during the restorative period after 30-day hypokinesia// Kardiologiia 1990.- Mar;30(3):78-81.(in Russian)
        Experiments in 49 albino rats indicated that serum beta-lipoprotein levels were increased on days 1 to 8 and 24 to 29 of readaptation following 30-day restriction of motor activity of the animals kept in the individual cramped cages. The alpha-lipoprotein concentrations were decreased in initial periods and elevated on days 18 to 23 of restoration. In the course of readaptation, the aortic endothelial layer showed greater lymphocyte and monocyte counts and larger number of endotheliocytes with karyopyknosis, karyolysis, and larger number of mitotically divided and binuclear cells. The extent of endotheliocytes and their cytoplasm and nucleus was persistently lower on day 3 to 55 of readaptation.

Gansburgskii A.N., Pavlov A.V. The mitotic origin of binucleated cells in regenerating endothelium//Ontogenez.- 1993 Nov-Dec;24(6):79-82.(in Russian)
        Regeneration of endothelium after the local cryodestruction of the aortic wall in rats was studied using quantitative methods (determination of the pool of proliferating cells after multiple injections of 3H-thymidine, of the mitotic index and proportion of binucleated cells, and cytophotometry of DNA content in cell nuclei). It is demonstrated that binucleate endotheliocytes are formed as the result of acytokinetic mitosis. According to our calculations, this mechanism completely provides for the increase in the proportion of binucleated cells observed in the regenerating endothelium on days from 2 to 6 after the operation.

Gansburgskii A.N., Pavlov A.V. The cytological mechanisms of the postnatal growth of aortic endothelium// Ontogenez - 1994 May-Jun;25(3):33-9.(in Russian)
        Contribution of proliferation and hypertrophy of endotheliocytes to the postnatal growth of the internal aortic lining in rats was estimated using organo- and cytometry, cytophotometry of nuclear DNA, radioautographic analysis of 3H-thymidine incorporation, determination of the mitotic index and the number of binucleated cells. Mitotic divisions of diploid endotheliocytes (in adult rats, their proportion attains 97-98%) is the principal cytological mechanism that, throughout the life of an animal, provides for an increase in the area of endothelial layer. Cell hypertrophy, which is unrelated to polyploidization, develops only during the first month of postnatal life. In old rats (2.5 years of age), an increased proportion of binucleate cells (2c x 2) and cells with pycnotic nuclei is observed.

Gansburgskii A.N., Pavlov A.V. Proliferative properties of cell differons in the vascular wall//Morfologiia.- 1998;113(2):66-70. (in Russian)
        Using quantitative methods (radioautography using thymidine label, DNA cytophotometry and mitotic index definition) proliferative properties of the vascular wall main cell differons (endothelium, smooth myocytes and fibroblasts) were investigated in 60 rats during postnatal and reparative morphogenesis. Most pronounced DNA synthesis was noted to occur in aortal endothelium in newborn animals and in fibroblasts of adventitia in 1 and 6 months and old aged (2.5 years) rats. In various vessel types of adult animals significant differences of label incorporation in fibroblasts of adventitia were not revealed whereas endothelial daily proliferation pool varies significantly showing minimal value (0.5%) in inferior caval vein and maximal (6%)-in capillaries. During the regenerative morphogenesis of aorta, caused by adventita cryodestruction proliferative activity elevation was noted in all the cell types, most reactive of them being smooth myocyte differon of the media.